A Genderless Life Or How Autism Challenges Butler’s...

Gender is a performance according to Judith Butler . All bodies, she claims, are gendered from birth; sometimes even earlier now we can determine sex in the womb . For Butler society dictates ones gender and the individual reinforces that gender through performance . â€Å"The deeds make the doer† in Butler’s words; there is no subject prior to performance. Butler’s concept of gender, however, leads us to question: what of those who are incapable of performing the gender ascribed to them? If one is unable to perform are they left genderless, lacking subjectivity and social identity? If no human is without gender , as Butler claims, then where does this leave her theory? Either gender is more than simply performance or one can exist without†¦show more content†¦I hope Laura’s case will highlight how autism challenges Butler’s theory, calling for a need to both expand our concept of gender and accept that one can live a genderless life. Autism was first written about, on an academic level, by Leo Kanner and Hans Aspergers in 1943 . These early diagnostic writings have since developed into concepts of cognitive diversity and the wide spectrum of cases and severity that is Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD . Autism is defined as a neurological and developmental disorder, which impacts on ones social functioning . The disorder is usually manifest in an unresponsiveness and resistance to physical affection, obtrusiveness, inability to communicate, repetitive behavior, obsessive-compulsive personality types and extreme anxiety that often results in aggressive behavior or tantrums . Being on a spectrum the severity of these symptoms varies . For those at the severe or low-functioning end of the spectrum, that is the cases I am focusing on, these symptoms are generally all not only present, but extreme. The individual is often rendered incapable of entering or understanding society or their place within that society . These cases are usually deemed as having the mental capacity of a toddler or young child , leaving them as what one may call a pre-discursive subject . Existing prior to discourse autistics escape the influence of

The Persuasive Tone of The Flea Essay - 766 Words

The Persuasive Tone of The Flea John Donne, a member of metaphysical school in the Seventeenth century, exhibited his brilliant talent in poetry. In The Flea, he showed the passion to his mistress via persuasive attitude. The tone might straightforwardly create playfulness or sinfulness; yet, the poem contains none of either. What impress readers most is situation and device. The situation between the speaker and the audience is persuasion, love or marriage. As to device, the notable parts are diction and rhetoric skills. Furthermore, unique characteristics of this poem are also an important element of his persuasive tone. First of all, the situation created by Donne is remarkable. Although there is only one†¦show more content†¦More than the effect, it also has an implication. The flea having sucked his blood and then hers, he takes a far bolder step and suggest that because their blood in now mixed in the fleas body, they are in some meaningful physical way joined already.i[i] Finally, The Flea contains two major unique characteristics. One of Donnes most successful effects is sudden contrast.ii[ii] The insect seems to be no connection with romance, but by sucking blood of two characters of the poem, the flea builds a bridge between the two persons that surprises many readers.  ¡Ã‚ ¥The Flea seems particularly unerotic in character, extraordinarily preoccupied with ethical and social, particularly marital, matters ¡K. but also transforms the sexual seduction lyric into a more serious persuasion to full affectionate and physical loving.iii[iii] The other is Donnes skill, dramatic monologue. In both line one of the first and the second stanzas, the poet began with strong voice. Later in the following lines of the two stanzas, Donne himself explained his reasons logically. The only difference is his attitude. The tone of stanza two is stronger than stanza one, and stanza three is even stronger than stanza two; therefore, in killing it the poets mistress would commit, not only murder on him, a crime she is injured to, but suicide and sacrilege.iv[iv] To the end, The Flea describes aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Metaphysical Poetry - the flea + sune rising1703 Words   |  7 Pagesavert him from reaching his desires. This is incalculably recognized in his two poems, â€Å"The Sunne Rising† and â€Å"The Flea† where Donne’s arguments challenge some beliefs of the 17th century England. Through â€Å"The Sunne Rising† we gain a sense of meaning that Donne is irritated and perplexed with new discoveries and that he believes his love is everything in the whole world. In â€Å"The Flea† we can see Donne challenging the social costumes of the 17th century, such as chastity of women, his tremendous persistenceRead MoreJohn Donnes The Flea: Poetry Analysis786 Words   |  3 PagesReport Card: 1. The Flea (1633) 2. John Donne (1572-1631) 3. The flea is the main metaphor/character in the poem, symbolizing the union between the man and the woman, the other two subjects of the poem, who are inferior to the power that the flea holds upon them and their union, whether intimate or otherwise. 4. The man and the woman (i.e. the writer and the woman courted) are secondary characters in this poem and, as mentioned above, are influenced by the flea, which is the main symbolRead MoreEssay on Sexual Meaning in John Donnes Poem, The Flea1471 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing a unique poetic language of the Renaissance, John Donnes ‘The Flea is a poem illustrating the metaphor of a flea to represent the sexual act and relations between a man and woman. Portrayed through language, imagery, and structure John Donnes poem is one of conceit and seduction, as the speaker (assumed to be a man) follows a consistent pattern of persuasion to have premarital sex with a woman. Written during the 17th century, John Donne utilizes an unconventional genre in his poemRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Flea By John Donne1033 Words   |  5 Pagesexample, in the poem, â€Å"The Flea†, by John Donne, initially it referred to a flea biting the speaker but as the reader proceeds further the perspective changes from this flea into the larger picture, which is a humorous little debate whether the speaker and his beloved will partake in premarital sex or not. Donne chose to word the poem in a format very similar to Frost’s definition of poetry. Donne begins using the flea as an analogy and this translates into the persuasive diction where the speakerRead MoreLove in To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesLove in To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Both To His Coy Mistress, by Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) and The Flea, by John Donne (1572-1631) present different attitudes to love. Both are also structured very differently and occasionally use contrasting imagery. Each poem was written in the 17th century, just after the Renaissance. The poets were metaphysical poets. Although the metaphysic was originally a derogatory term, metaphysical poetry used intellectual and theologicalRead MoreCritical Commentary on to His Coy Mistress1563 Words   |  7 Pagesof the stanza starts with ‘but’. In this stanza, Marvell refers to the pure speed and certainty of time: ‘time’s winged chariot hurrying near’ (ll.22). This refers to Roman mythology and to the poets point that time flies; this attaches a sinister tone to the second stanza. This is emphasised when he compares their lives to the ‘deserts of vast eternity’ (ll.24). The poet goes on to talk about how her ‘beauty shall no more be found; [...] that long-preserved virginity (ll.25-28). This illustratesRead MoreThe Flea, By Andrew Marvell996 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Donne s, The Flea, and Andrew Marvell’s To His Coy Mistress are persuasive poem in which the speaker is attempting to establish a sexual union with his significant other. These poems is spoken by a male lover to his female beloved as an attempt to convince her to sleep with him. John Donne and Marvell brings out and shapes this meaning through his collective use of conceit, rhythm, and rhyme scheme. The basic theme of the poems is the speaker’s need to turn his â€Å"coy mistress† into a â€Å"willingRead MoreEssay on The Flea by John Donne2357 Words   |  10 PagesThe Flea by John Donne â€Å"The Flea†, a witty poem of seduction and conceit, taken from John Donne’s â€Å"Songs and Sonets† is the poem that I have chosen to compare to â€Å"Song†, another poem of John Donne’s where he is passionately pleading with his wife not to be disheartened about his departure abroad. Both poems which belong to â€Å" Songs and Sonets†, written around the time of the 16th century, show that their title suggests they are both short poems, following the traditional form of a sonnetRead More Persuading their Mistresses in The Flea and To His Coy Mistress4822 Words   |  20 PagesPersuading their Mistresses in The Flea and To His Coy Mistress Examine the ways in which the poets in The Flea and To His Coy Mistress try to persuade their mistresses. Both The Flea by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell are seduction poems, written by the poets to seduce their mistresses. Both have three stanzas and a basic couplet rhyming structure. Donne and Marvell are metaphysical poets from the 17th century. They have taken simple ideas and stretched them farRead More Love in To His Coy Mistress, Shall I Compare Thee, Let Me Not, and The Flea3166 Words   |  13 PagesMe Not, and The Flea The four poems I am going to be comparing are, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee,† â€Å"Let Me Not,† and â€Å"The Flea.† All four of these poems are based on the subject matter of love. The four poems have a lot in common but each poem touches a different aspect of love. Two of the poems, â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee†, and â€Å"Let Me Not†, are sonnets and both were written by Shakespeare. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is written by Andrew Marvell and â€Å"The Flea† was written by John

Heart Of Darkness (1292 words) Essay Example For Students

Heart Of Darkness (1292 words) Essay Heart Of DarknessThe Horror! In Heart of Darkness it is the white invaders for instance, who are, almost without exception, embodiments of blindness, selfishness, and cruelty; and even in the cognitive domain, where such positive phrases as to enlighten, for instance, are conventionally opposed to negative ones such as to be in the dark, the traditional expectations are reversed. In Kurtzs painting, as we have seen, the effect of the torch light on the face was sinister (Watt 332). Ian Watt, author of Impressionism and Symbolism in Heart of Darkness, discusses about the destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans. The destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans led to the cry of Kurtzs last words, The horror! The horror! The horror in Heart of Darkness has been critiqued to represent different aspects of situations in the book. However, Kurtzs last words The horror! The horror! refer, to me, to magnify only three major aspects. The horror magnifies Kurtz not being able to restrain hi mself, the colonizers greed, and Europes darkness. Kurtz comes to the Congo with noble intentions. He thought that each ivory station should stand like a beacon light, offering a better way of life to the natives. He was considered to be a universal genius: he was an orator, writer, poet, musician, artist, politician, ivory producer, and chief agent of the ivory companys Inner Station. yet, he was also a hollow man, a man without basic integrity or any sense of social responsibility. Kurtz issues the feeble cry, The horror! The horror! and the man of vision, of poetry, the emissary of pity, and science, and progress is gone. The jungle closes round (Labrasca 290). Kurtz being cut off from civilization reveals his dark side. Once he entered within his heart of darkness he was shielded from the light. Kurtz turned into a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and to climax all of his other shady practices, he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. E. N. Dorall, author of Conrad and C oppola: Different Centres of Darkness, explains Kurtzs loss of his identity. Daring to face the consequences of his nature, he loses his identity; unable to be totally beast and never able to be fully human, he alternates between trying to return to the jungle and recalling in grotesque terms his former idealism. Kurtz discovered, A voice! A voice! It rang deep to the very last. It survived his strength to hide in the magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his heart. But both the diabolic love and the unearthly hate of the mysteries it had penetrated fought for the possession of that soul satiated with primitive emotions, avid of lying, fame, of sham distinction, of all the appearances of success and power. Inevitably Kurtz collapses, his last words epitomizing his experience, The horror! The horror! (Dorall 306). The horror to Kurtz is about self realization; about the mistakes he committed while in Africa. The colonizers cruelty towards the natives and their lust for ivory also is spotlighted in Kurtzs horror. The white men who came to the Co ngo professing to bring progress and light to darkest Africa have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders. The supposed purpose of the colonizers traveling into Africa was to civilize the natives. Instead the Europeans took the natives land away from them by force. They burned their towns, stole their property, and enslaved them. Enveloping the horror of Kurtz is the Congo Free State of Leopold II, totally corrupt though to all appearances established to last for a long time (Dorall 309). The conditions described in Heart of Darkness reflect the horror of Kurtzs words: the chain gangs, the grove of death, the payment in brass rods, the cannibalism and the human skulls on the fence posts. Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off. Chained slaves were forced to drink the white mans defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge, wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they died and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes (Meyers 100). The colonizers enslaved the natives to do their biding; the cruelty practiced on the black workers were of the white mans mad and greedy rush for ivory. The unredeemable horror in the tale is the duplicity, cruelty, and venality of Europeans officialdom (Levenson 401). Civilization is only preserved by maintaining illusions. Juliet Mclauchlan, author of The Value and Significance of Heart of Darkness, stated that every colonizer in Africa is to blame for the horror which took place within. Kurtzs moral judgment applies supremely to his own soul, but his final insight is all encompassing; looking upon humanity in full awareness of his own degradation, he projects his debasement, failure, and hatred universally. Realizing that any human soul may be fascinated, held irresistible, by what it righ tly hates, his stare is wide enough to embrace the whole universe, wide and immense. embracing, condemning, loathing all the universe (Mclauchlan 384). The darkness of Africa collides with the evils of Europe upon Kurtzs last words. Kurtz realized that all he had been taught to believe in, to operate from, was a mass of horror and greed standardized by the colonizers. As you recall in Conrads Heart of Darkness, Kurtz painted a painting releasing his knowledge of the horror and what is to come. A painting of a blindfolded woman carrying a lighted torch was discussed in the book. The background was dark, and the effect of the torch light on her face was sinister. The oil painting suggests the blind and stupid ivory company, fraudulently letting people believe that besides the ivory they were taking out of the jungle, they were, at the same time, bringing light and progress to the jungle. Kurtz, stripped away of his culture by the greed of other Europeans, stands both literally and fig uratively naked. He has lost all restraint in himself and has lived off the land like an animal. He has been exposed to desire, yet cannot comprehend it. His horror tells us his mistakes and that of Europes. His mistakes of greed for ivory, his mistakes of lust for a mistress and his mistakes of assault on other villages, were all established when he was cut off from civilization. When Conrad wrote what Kurtzs last words were to be, he did not exaggerate or invent the horrors that provided the political and humanitarian basis for his attack on colonialism. Conrads Kurtz mouths his last words, The horror! The horror! as a message to himself and, through Marlow, to the world. However, he did not really explain the meaning of his words to Marlow before his exit. Through Marlows summary and moral reactions, we come to realize the possibilities of the meaning rather than a definite meaning. The message means more to Marlow and the readers than it does to Kurtz, says William M. Hagen, in Heart of Darkness and the Process of Apocalypse Now. The horror to Kurtz became the nightmare between Europe and Africa. To Marlow, Kurtzs last words came through what he saw and experienced along the way into the Inner Station. To me, Kurtzs horror shadows every human, who has some form of darkness deep within their heart, waiting to be unleashed. The horror that has been perpetrated, the horror that descends as judgment, either in this pitiless and empty death or in whatever domination there could be to come (Stewart 366). Once the horror was unleashed, there was no way of again restraining it. .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc , .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .postImageUrl , .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc , .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc:hover , .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc:visited , .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc:active { border:0!important; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc:active , .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u160f6f5b236c6043afc543d6594d08cc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What is organizational culture? 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The Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC) Its Role and History Essay Example For Students

The Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC): Its Role and History Essay Discipline and Training Leads to Bright Futures Booker T. Washington once said, â€Å"Those who are happiest are those who do the most for others.† The Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps, also known as JROTC, provides young adults a federal program that inspires leadership, citizenship, and character while encouraging participation, service, and engagement in their local community and school. Ever since 1916, JROTC has been motivating young people to be better citizens and build a strong study of ethics, communication, and life skills. We will write a custom essay on The Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC): Its Role and History specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps was created in addition to the passage of the National Defense Act of 1916. The Act allowed high schools to borrow equipment from the military and high school students would receive instruction from active duty military personnel. Later in 1964, the Vitalization Act allowed high school students to participate in other types of services and most of the active duty military personnel were replaced with experienced retirees who previously worked for the military. Through time, the JROTC high school programs have gone a long way and have changed quite a bit. Originally, the JROTC was a program to recruit members into the military, but throughout the years, it has changed into a program that instills citizenship and encourages physical and educational uplift. JROTC is a helpful program for students who are emotionally or physically turbulent. It instills a sense of discipline and balance. The study of ethics, citizenship, communication, a nd leadership that students learn and prepare will successfully take them into the adult world. From a small number of only six units in 1916, JROTC has grown and blossomed into a program that is active in 3,229 schools today. JROTC benefits the community, not only by engaging students to participate in their community, but JROTC also distributes scholarships to students. JROTC provides scholarships to high school senior JROTC cadets. They offer a one year scholarship to any undergraduate college or an accredited technical/trade school. Only one of these scholarships are given out each year. However, in order to receive this prestigious award, the student must be a grandchild or child of a United States veteran. Many of the previous scholarship winners are now ranked in some of the highest positions in the United States military branches. Goals of the JROTC include ethical values and proper citizenship. Effective communication and logical thinking can grow into the skills to work as a team member and produce positive self-motivation and management. Each cadet should have the motivation to graduate from high school and seek a career that will help them with their future endeavors. In addition to improved physical fitness, every cadet should choose to live drug-free. JROTC is a program that has opportunities for everyone. Any student at any academic level can join this program, and any student of any nationality can join. Joining JROTC will train your student in discipline which is beneficial to all high school students. In fact, schools with JROTC programs tend to have higher SAT score and lower high school dropout rates. As part of JROTC curriculum, over 100 hours of community services is shown throughout their four years of high school. Services can range from marching in parades, to collecting food for the homeless, or cleaning up local streets. Some local city governments recognize the work that JROTC participants do, and grant their own local awards and scholarships to deserving high school students. The majority of local city governments encourage students to engage and participate in JROTC activities. Unlike what many people think, JROTC is not a program to recruit people for the military, JROTC is a program where students help other students in becoming the best citizens they can be. .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .postImageUrl , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:hover , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:visited , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:active { border:0!important; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:active , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Giver - Main Character EssayMany colleges and employers opt for JROTC members, as well. Colleges and universities look for admirable qualities that most JROTC members have already instilled. JROTC training improves focus and determination, and also elevates a student’s capability to study smarter, set goals, and to develop effective study habits. Employers can expect integrity, flexibility, and loyalty from past JROTC students. In total, this creates a well-rounded, leader, scholar, and athlete that colleges and employers want. The JROTC program is also used in other military branches such as the marine corps, air force, and navy. Each branch teaches citizenship skills, but vary in different crafts. For example, the air force JROTC, also known as AFJROTC, teaches curriculum such as aviation history, geography, history, and survival. The marine corps JROTC unit showcases their drill team. They actively engage in public events by displaying and presenting the American flag at a baseball or basketball game. The skill of marksmanship is also included in the marine corps JROTC curriculum. Each branch teaches 4 general subjects: the importance of physical fitness, military history, precision drills, and leadership skills. Physical fitness is essential to learn strengthening and endurance physically and emotionally by performing curl-ups, pull-ups, sit-ups, and one mile walks or runs. Every JROTC cadet must understand military history and important military figures and organizations that helped shape our world. JROTC instructors teach students important documents that changed America and the way its society works. Based on the branch, others might study additional information. For example, the marine corps JROTC might learn about sea patrolling and subjects about the history of waterway battles. Precision drilling requires focus and attention for detail. Students learn how to discipline themselves and pay attention. Leadership skills are required for any cadet. JROTC instructors teach students how to resolve problems, make wise decisions, communicate interpersonally, an d to lead a group. Each JROTC unit gives out ribbons to participating cadets. There are a wide variety of ribbons ranging from the academic excellence ribbon to Cadet of the quarter/year ribbon. The highest ribbons that can be received is the medal for heroism and superior cadet. The medal for heroism is awarded to a JROTC cadet who shows an act of heroism. The superior cadet is awarded annually by the Department of the Army to an exceptional cadet in each rank. For each unit there are three awards, the highest being the academic achievement insignia, an award given out to the top ten percent of each JROTC class based on grades. Marksmanship badges can also be earned. ExpertShoot, the highest, require a marksman to shoot a score of 200 out of 300. Each year, a leadership challenge camp is held at various locations around the United States. This camp instills leadership, teamwork, confidence, trust, sharing, and responsibility. JROTC campers learn how to work as a team together to reach a common goal. At JROTC camp, every activity is designated for self-confidence and trust between you and other JROTC campers. Every camper is assigned a job to ensure responsibilities. Each cadet will receive training in CPR and first aid certification as well as lifeguard certification for qualified cadets. The JROTC program has grown massively since it’s start in 1916, both in number and in branch. As of June 2006, there are in total of 3,229 units in the United States and approximately 64,580 cadets. 1,555 Army AJROTC units, 794 Air Force AFJROTC units, 619 Navy NJROTC units, 260 Marine Corps MCJROTC, and one Coast Guard CGJROTC unit. Statistics show that thirty percent to fifty percent of students enlist in the US military. In conclusion, JROTC benefits students all across America and helps communities surrounding each unit. JROTC offers students scholarships and awards they can use towards college. Skills and lessons learned in JROTC create a good citizen with

3 Cases of Faulty Organization of In-Line Lists

3 Cases of Faulty Organization of In-Line Lists 3 Cases of Faulty Organization of In-Line Lists 3 Cases of Faulty Organization of In-Line Lists By Mark Nichol An in-line list is a list of related words or phrases within a sentence, as opposed to a vertical list, the items of which are formatted on separate lines, often highlighted by a number or a bullet. Often, writers mistakenly organize in-line lists, erroneously assuming that an additional but syntactically distinct item is part of the list and inserting or omitting conjunctions (usually and or or) or punctuation incorrectly as a result. Each example below illustrates a variation on this theme, and each is followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. Professor Smith’s comments are utterly reprehensible, deeply disturbing, and do not in any way reflect the values of the university. Because the phrase beginning with do has its own verb, it is not part of a list beginning with â€Å"utterly reprehensible† and continuing with â€Å"deeply disturbing,† so those two phrases should be linked with a conjunction, and the commas that follow them must be omitted: â€Å"Professor Smith’s comments are utterly reprehensible and deeply disturbing and do not in any way reflect the values of the university.† 2. Thousands of the organization’s workers face resistance, fear- and terrorists- as they try to eradicate the crippling disease. Similarly, the parenthetical phrase â€Å"and terrorists† is not part of a list that also includes resistance and fear; those two terms constitute the list, and â€Å"and terrorists† is distinct, so the treatment of the list must be revised: â€Å"Thousands of the organization’s workers face resistance and fear- and terrorists- as they try to eradicate the crippling disease.† 3. Traditional financial institutions have significantly enhanced their risk and compliance programs by increasing resources, clarifying roles and responsibilities across the three lines of defense, upgrading their governance frameworks, as well as maintaining higher levels of capital. â€Å"Maintaining higher levels of capital† is not part of the list in this sentence- â€Å"as well as† marks the phrase consisting of those eight words as a distinct appendage tacked onto the main clause- so the final item in the list must be preceded by a conjunction: â€Å"Traditional financial institutions have significantly enhanced their risk and compliance programs by increasing resources, clarifying roles and responsibilities across the three lines of defense, and upgrading their governance frameworks, as well as maintaining higher levels of capital.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past30 Baseball Idioms10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

Joseph Priestley and the Discovery of Oxygen

Joseph Priestley and the Discovery of Oxygen As a clergyman, Joseph Priestley was considered an unorthodox philosopher, he supported the French Revolution and his unpopular views caused his home and chapel in Leeds, England, being burned in 1791. Priestley moved to Pennsylvania in 1794. Joseph Priestley was a friend of Benjamin Franklin, who like Franklin was experimenting with electricity before turning his full attention to chemistry in the 1770s. Joseph Priestley - Co-Discovery of Oxygen Priestley was the first chemist to prove that oxygen was essential to combustion and along with Swede Carl Scheele is credited with the discovery of oxygen by isolating oxygen in its gaseous state. Priestley named the gas dephlogisticated air, later renamed oxygen by Antoine Lavoisier. Joseph Priestley also discovered hydrochloric acid, nitrous oxide (laughing gas), carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Soda Water In 1767, the first drinkable man-made glass of carbonated water (soda water) was invented by Joseph Priestley. Joseph Priestley published a paper called Directions for Impregnating Water with Fixed Air (1772), which explained how to make soda water. However, Priestley did not exploit the business potential of any soda water products. The Eraser April 15, 1770, Joseph Priestley recorded his discovery of Indian gums ability to rub out or erase lead pencil marks. He wrote, I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black lead pencil. These were the first erasers which Priestley called a rubber.

My Study in Global Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Study in Global Political Economy - Essay Example Getting this degree would not only satiate my passion, but it would also serve as a stepping stone for my future career. As a final year Bachelor’s degree student, majoring in Policy Studies and Administration with a concentration on Politics & International Affairs and Policy Streams, I have a solid academic foundation, both theoretically and practically when it comes to general politics and international relations. My knowledge in politics is an added boon as politics is intertwined with the economy, which in turn plays a big role in international relations. As an exchange student at the University of Western Ontario, Canada, I was greatly impressed by the speech of the former Prime Minister of Canada, Paul Martin, on the financial crisis, although I did not have enough knowledge about credit and Subprime Mortgage. As compared to the economy concerned with statistics and data, I am more interested, not to mention knowledgeable, in political economics, i.e. a study into the r elationship between politics and economy, for example, the political determinants and effects of economic outcomes, especially in the time of financial crises and global insecurity. That is why when I came across the master’s course in Global political economy offered by the  ­your institute, I could not help but apply for admission therein as this is the field I want to pursue. This is in line with my career goals of working in the international commerce department of a multinational company, or the foreign affairs department of the government. Getting this degree would help me develop the necessary coping skills with regard to any future career challenges; it would enable me to enhance my knowledge and improve my skills in both global politics and global economy.  

B) The Electoral College was designed at a time when the framers of Essay

B) The Electoral College was designed at a time when the framers of the Constitution decided not to trust the common man in sele - Essay Example It is only used in presidential elections and appears to be used simply to increase the perceived margin of victory from the actual popular vote. Election reform supporters want to either eradicate the Electoral College system entirely and replace it with the direct popular vote or repair perceived defects in the present system. However, the Electoral College was put in place for a reason by the same minds who founded the nation. Maybe we should try to better understand their motives before scrapping the system. States with smaller populations argue that if the electoral system were eliminated candidates for president would have no motivation to advertise or campaign there. â€Å"Why visit a small state with a media market that reaches, say, 100,000 people, when a visit to a large state can put the candidate in touch with millions?† (Gregg, 2001). Those opposed to the Electoral College want a direct national election, contending that it would better represent the diversity of the country. A direct election system would create incentives for campaigns to spend time and money in small states. Candidates would collect votes for their effort even if they lost the state as a whole. Even more importantly, â€Å"the financial calculus of election campaigns in a direct-election system might help level the playing field between large and small states.

Role of Stakeholder Essay Example for Free

Role of Stakeholder Essay An organization is made possible by its human component, its human capital. Sociologically speaking, a business or a company is a social group, secondary or referential in nature, made up of the people that consider themselves as members of the organization. Beyond membership however there is another human component. These are the stakeholders. Stakeholders are individuals and groups that can affect or be affected by the actions of the organization as a whole. The notion of stakeholders had been introduced in 1963 by the Stanford Research Institute to describe and explain the importance of considering and factoring into any plan or strategy elements and concerns that would affect â€Å"individuals or organizations who stand to gain or lose from the success or failure of a system† (Nuseibeh Easterbrook, 2000). Broadly, it means anyone who has an interest in any matter or element in the organizations purview. As an example, let us take a sample organization a school. So, who would be the stakeholders? First-off, its students, pupils, teachers and support staff. Then we have the parents of the children, their families, the school board and the greater Academic organization that oversees the school for the county and for the state. Then we have the community that the school is a part of (since the school is the academic and social training ground that shapes the behavior and knowledge of their young) and in the broader view, we have the greater society who will be affected by the actions of the school in that the children that it educates will take part in their adult life via the varied roles and actions they will have and perform in society. As such, the greater American society has a stake in the quality and kind of education American kids receive in grade school and high schools across America. After all, the children are the future of this country. Now, for instance, if a public school closes down in a county due to budget cuts, all its stakeholders will be affected. The kids must be placed elsewhere; it will strain their families and the education system that must find locations and areas to accept them. The staff and the teachers are going to be out of a job affecting their ability to support themselves and their families economically and the county, the community, the school board and the greater academic system will be saddled with responsibilities over pupils and students to place them in schools and to provide professional and financial support according to contract to staff and teachers. The community will feel the strain of the closing of the school and the discontent and social collective feelings/opinions, either negative or positive will affect local politics. The displacement will affect the socialization of the children and the formation of their personalities for the rest of their lives. The greater impact then will be long term as the abrupt change in their education will shape their future selves, selves that in their adult life will take over from their parents in the varied roles important to their communities. With the example above, I hope that the idea of stakeholders is already clear. Now, Let us consider a business or a company. The following are general types that many private commercial organizations can identify with: †¢Owners/Capitalists they are interested in the success of their investment/business. †¢Creditors/Investors like the above, they are interested in the success but they look at the bottom-line liquidity, credit score and new contracts, for example. †¢Employees/Staff they are interested not only in the success of their organization but focus on their job security, rates of pay, compensation, communication, and the way that they are treated by the organization altogether. Clients/Customer they are interested in the value of the products and services, ethical practices, quality of service and costumer care. †¢Suppliers Partners they are interested in providing the raw materials as well as support and services for the organization as well as for their own equitable business interests which will be affected by the organizations actions and decisions, †¢Trade Unions their interest is in the protection of the rights, benefits and interests of their union members, †¢Greater Community their interest is in the provision of jobs to community members, transparency, CSR, environmental rotection, shares, ethical practice, etc. †¢Government the governments interest is in the legality of certain practices, equal opportunity, taxation, VAT and related legislatory concerns. From the above, we can see how and why and organizations health as well as its practices will be of interest to the listed stakeholders. For example, if capitalists are concerned that the business has lost its profitability, it can pull out from the arrangement resulting to its closure or failure of the owners and other stakeholders will be unable to take over and resolve the pull-out of primary capitalists. Additionally, if a company or organization fails, its staff will lose jobs affecting their economic capacities. If a company does not provide satisfactory client support, clients are going to be unhappy and might not go back to use the company for its services and goods in the future. Entrepreneurship is about taking risks, going for innovations and undertaking finance and business challenges to introduce new products and create new businesses. The challenges of ensuring stakeholders are not taken for granted requires an entrepreneurial mindset, the need to continually innovate so that all concerns are referenced in essential decision making. The reform element of entrepreneurship then is important in making the actions and decisions of an organization relevant to the needs and demands of its stakeholders.

What Does The Author Of Sir Ga :: essays research papers

The author of the book Sir Gawain and the Green Knight teaches the reader many different things about facing challenges such as how they come unexpecteantly and how they must be faced. Throughout the ballad there are numerous refernces to the challenges that Sir Gawain and the different ways that he must deal with them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author shows that people have to face a challenge straight on. You cannot run away and hope that the problem will go away. One reason for this is that challenges, unless dealt with, will follow you forever. An expample of this is the challenge that the Green Knight bestows upon Sir Gawain. He must find the Green Knight in a year and a day to have the Green Knight hit him with a weapon of his choosing. The author shows through the description of chivarly that if Sir Gawain were not hold up his end of the deal, the knights and the people of Camalot would be forever shamed by his presence. The author shows that challenges cannot be lefy alone, they must be faced straight on and dealt with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Ballad the author also shows that challenges can come from unexpected sources and that these also cannot be ignored. That is shown in the ballad through the example of the challenge that arose from the Green Knight. The challenge is aimed at King Authorm but is spontaneously taken on by Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain has no time to prepare for the challenge and only took it to protect his king. With a little forethought and knowledge, he might have concluded that the challenge was not woth the risks. There are other examples of unexpected challenges, such as the problems he had during his travel for the court of King Arthur to the Green Chapel. These challenges came up as he was traveling and he had no choice about taking them on, it was that or for him to die. The other main challenge was from the lady of the house. This challenge was totally unexpected; Sir Gawain did not even know that it was a challenge until his talk with the Green Knight right at the end. Sir Gawain did not know that the Green Knight was testing the young knight to see how strong his sense of chivalry really is.

How Diversity of Faith is Effectively Used in Nursing Care Essay

Even though medical healing is mainly based upon scientific beliefs, one cannot discount the effect of religious beliefs in the healing of a patient. For many people with a strong religious conviction, the simple belief in the power of prayer is enough to create signs of healing even in the most critical of patients. Even though the effects of prayer are undocumented, there is a growing belief among many that faith plays a significant role in healing a patient when science has given him up for dead. In the medical field, nurses are slowly realizing that a diversity of faith among their patients has them in a bind. Not all nurses are religious, nor do they share the same religious traditions as the patient. In such instances, it is up to the nurse to find a middle ground where they can honor the religious beliefs of individual patients without losing sight of their own religion. Nursing is a highly technical occupation. This is why even though nurses realize that each patient has a spiritual need, the nurse may not always be trained to respond to it. So this job is usually relegated to the hospital’s pastoral care workers even though nurses would be better placed to deliver such patient needs. It is not for a nurse to question the religious beliefs of her patients, but it is her job to insure that these beliefs are fully utilized in the process of helping a patient to heal both physically, mentally, and spiritually. Unfortunately, the nursing shortage in the country does not leave the nurses with much to connect on a personal basis with their patients. Patient care and comfort are forgone in lieu of time management and getting the job done. Though nurses have traditionally been viewed as both medical and spiritual healers because of the personal connection they have with their wards, the lack of time and instruction as to how to combine patient care and religion are sending our nurses off the original objectives of why they became nurses. Roberta Bube, RN, PHN currently works part time as nurse at the Marion Medical Center in Santa Maria, Calif. According to her interview in Nurseweek for the article â€Å"You Gotta Have Fait†, she realized that â€Å"You have to address mind, body and spirit, I always found time to do it [in a hospital]. I did have to be cautious. I’d have to do it quietly. Everybody’s beliefs are different.† So, how can a nurse integrate the religious aspect and its various differences in their daily dealings with their individual patients? Firstly, a nurse can typically start by incorporating the patient’s religious belief into her basic daily care routine for the patient. At the Saint Francis Medical Center in Santa Barbara, California, clinical coordinator Jan Ingram, RN, explains in the same article that â€Å"Whether you’re giving them a sponge bath or putting them on the commode, if you’re really there with them-mindfully present-that is a spiritual action.† Nurses have to realize that listening and communicating with their patient is of vital importance in helping a patient heal. This includes developing ways and means for the patient to be able to effectively practice their beliefs and be able to assist in the patient’s personal spiritual care. Once a nurse learns to approach a person holistically, the nurse will now be in a very good position to accept the various faiths of their patients and convert the same or varied belief amongst the patients she is in charge of. Secondly, the nurse must be willing to set aside her own personal spiritual beliefs and instead be open minded and willing to accept the faith of the patient while she is caring for him or her. A patient may request for a bible reading, a short prayer, or simply letting the patient talk with the nurse listening and prepared to reassure her at the end that God has not abandoned him or her. If need be, a nurse must not hesitate to accommodate a patients request to join him in a religious activity. Such activities tend to reassure a patient and keep him calm throughout the healing process. Lastly, it is highly imperative that nurses know and understand the religious beliefs of their patients as these beliefs can affect their medical decisions pertaining to procedures such as operations or end of life decisions. So, a nurse is encouraged to discuss and explore their patients religious beliefs if a patient is comfortable doing so with the nurse. This will allow a nurse to develop and gain the trust of the patient because the patient will be comfortable in the knowledge that the nurse in charge of her care understands her religious belief and will always respect its role in their lives. Such support systems between patient and nurse usually prove vital in the therapeutic alliance of the two parties.   It is also highly important that a nurse, even though not a devout practitioner of her religion, believes in God and knows how to pray. Even though a nurse is taught how to compartmentalize her feelings and not be affected by the events of the day at the hospital, one cannot help but be affected. There will be times in the course of performing her duty that she will call science into question and why it failed certain patients, or why it cannot seem to heal a patient who has no reason to be ill. During those situations, when science seems to fail her, the only thing she will find herself clinging to is her belief in god or her religion. It is this faith that she will take with her as she tries to heal her patient and help him cope with his medical situation. This will be the common denominator binding them. Faith in religion regardless of what the religion is commonly called. At the end of the day, nurses will have to learn to accept and integrate the diversified cultures and religious beliefs of their patients. The nurse will have to turn to her own personal faith for support as well. All of this because healing a patient is not all a matter of science. It is also a matter of spiritual belief in a Supreme Being who can heal us all of our aches and pains in any form or guise. Work Cited Hebert Randy S. ; Jenckes., Mollie W. ; Ford, Daniel E.; O’Connor, Debra R. $ Cooper, Lisa A. (2001). Patient Perspectives on Spirituality and the Patient-Physician Relationship. Journal of Internal General Medicine. Retrieved May 25, 2007 from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1495274 Hemilla, Donna. (2002). You Gotta Have Faith. Nurseweek. Retrieved May 20, 2007 from http://www.nurseweek.com/news/features/02-09/faith.asp Mitchell, Joyce & Haroun, Lee. (2005). Healthcare. Singapore. Thomson Delmar. Wensley, Michelle. Spirituality in Nursing. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.ciap.health.nsw.gov.au/hospolic/stvincents/1995/a04.html   

Economy in Tibet

Economy Since the democratic reform in 1959, and especially since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, Tibet has witnessed remarkable economic development. The Tibetan economy is dominated by subsistence agriculture. The Tibetan yak still plays an important role in Tibetan life. Yaks still promote the best way to plow fields in Tibet. The Tibetan economy is dominated by subsistence agriculture.Due to limited arable land, the primary occupation of the Tibetan Plateau is raising livestock, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, yaks, horses and some crops such as barley, buckwheat, wheat, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Development Zone The State Council approved Tibet Lhasa Economic and Technological Development Zone as a state-level development zone in 2001. It is located in the western suburbs of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. It is a flat zone, ideal for construction services , and it has the natural conditions for good drainage .Source: http://www. starmass. com/china_review/provincial_overview/tibet_demographic_economy. htm Tibet demographic analysis and economy overview The service sector plays an important role in Tibet’s economy growth. This is because in 2007, more than half (55%) of the provincial GDP is derived from the service industries. Tourism plays a crucial role to the province’s economic growth. Newly emerging service sectors such as modern commerce, tourism, posts and telecommunications, catering, cultural entertainment and information technology have also been developing rapidly.The construction sector contributes 21% to the provincial GDP, agricultural sector 16% and manufacturing contributes the least- 8% to the total GDP GDP While traditional agricultural work and animal husbandry continue to lead the area's economy, in 2005 the tertiary sector contributed more than half of its GDP growth, the first time it surpassed the area's primary industry. Rich reserves of natural res ources and raw materials have yet to lead to the creation of a strong secondary sector, due in large part to the province's inhospitable terrain, low population density, an underdeveloped infrastructure and the high cost of extractionTibet's GDP in 2008 reached 39. 6 billion Yuan. The Chinese government says that it exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditure. Critics say that the central government is stripping Tibetan resources and neglecting the welfare of Tibetan people. Tibet's economy has grown on average 15% per year from 2000 to 2006. http://news. xinhuanet. com/english/2009-03/30/content_11098888. htm Report on economic and social development of Tibet www. chinaview. cn 2009-03-30 10:22:48 Source: http://www. starmass. com/china_review/provincial_overview/tibet_demographic_economy. tm Tibet demographic analysis and economy overview The GDP per capita reached 13. 861 Yuan in 2008 for the first time in Tibet's history. GDP reached 39,5 b illion Yuan in 2008. In the first six months of 2008, economic growth in Tibet was halved after the Lhasa riots (a series of riots, protests, and demonstrations that started in the capital of Lhasa and spread to other Tibetan areas and a number of monasteries including outside the Tibet Autonomous Region. The violence was mostly directed at Han and Hui civilians). The Lhasa riots led to a slump in tourism and consumption.In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities. (Philipois) China has invested 310  billion yuan (about 45. 6  billion U. S. dollars) in Tibet since 2001. Industry There was no modern industry or infrastructure before the 1950s With some adjustments, the value of industrial output rose again in the late 1980s. Moreover, as in the rest of China, the ownership structure of industrial enterprises in the TAR also experienced a major change.In 2007, for a â€Å"gross industrial output value† totalling 5,044 million yuan, 33,1  % came from state enterprises, 5. 6  % from collectively-owned enterprises and 61. 3  % from â€Å"others† (private companies, joint ventures and foreign companies). Thus, private enterprise is now the main source of growth in industrial production. Commerce (traditional handicrafts, carpets etc) tourism, catering, leisure and other industries that had never been heard of in old Tibet, are now booming as the primary industries in the region. Prospects for Growth and DevelopmentAlthough Tibet's society and economy were affected by the March14 Incident in 2008, the impact on most local industries was limited, except for temporary difficulties for tourism in Tibet. In the next few years, Tibet's economy is expected to maintain sound and rapid development in virtue of favorable factors such as increasing investment and transfer payments from the central government, rising income level of farmer s and herdsmen, and burgeoning consumption by local residents. Slides (Philips, just in case you want to use this map†¦ I think it`s a good one)Slide 1: Economy in Tibet Democratic reform in 1959 and reform and opening-up policy in 1978: remarkable economic development in Tibet. Traditionally dominated by subsistence agriculture. Due to limited arable land, the primary occupation of the Tibetan Plateau is raising livestock, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, yaks, horses and some crops such as barley, buckwheat, wheat, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Slide 2: Yaks still promote the best way to plow fields in Tibet. Slide 3: Development ZoneThe State Council approved Tibet Lhasa Economic and Technological Development Zone as a state-level development zone in 2001. Location: in the western suburbs of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Flat zone Construction services Natural conditions for good drainage. Slide 4: Tibet`s GDP Industry: no modern ind ustry or infrastructure before the 1950s With some adjustments, the value of industrial output rose again in the late 1980s. Nowadays private enterprise is the main source of growth in industrial production.Newly emerging service sectors: modern commerce, tourism, posts and telecommunications, catering, cultural entertainment and information technology have also been developing rapidly. Tourism: essential for the economic growth. Source: http://www. starmass. com/china_review/provincial_overview/tibet_demographic_economy. htm – Tibet demographic analysis and economy overview Slide 5: Economic Growth and GDP Tibet's GDP in 2008 reached 39. 6 billion Yuan. Tibet's economy has grown on average 15% per year from 2000 to 2008. In the first six months of 2008, economic growth in Tibet was negatively affected by Lhasa riots.Source: http://news. xinhuanet. com/english/2009-03/30/content_11098888. htm – Report on economic and social development of Tibet Slide 6 China has invest ed 310  billion yuan (about 45. 6  billion U. S. dollars) in Tibet since 2001. The GDP per capita reached 15. 000 Yuan in 2009. Source: http://www. starmass. com/china_review/provincial_overview/tibet_demographic_economy. htm – Tibet demographic analysis and economy overview I COULDN`T FIND ANY GOOD VIDEOS†¦ http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=_xkzjvx7SzE;feature=related

Free Essays on Short Story

The motivation of short story characters, as well as the theme, is revealed by authors through dialogue, setting and symbolism. These three stories stress the need for this kind of writing. In a ‘Worn Path’ Eudora Welty introduces Phoenix through settings to show she’s goal oriented. On the other hand, Edgar Poe in ‘The Masque of the Red Death’ stresses symbolism to show life and death. Meanwhile, ‘A&P’ by John Updike presents Sammy through dialogue for the need of individualism. The path in a ‘Worn Path’ reveals the goal setting for Phoenix’s natural setting. It shows her sense of determination and fearlessness. For example, The rugged path, dying trees, barbed wire fences, thorny bushes and wild animals that Phoenix had to encounter with, was the author’s way of showing these characteristics. For instance, when her dress got caught in the bush she admitted that, had she known it was thorns she would have avoided the contact. Phoenix knows the capability of a thorn and accepts her experience as a challenge. The story presents an obstacle in each section of the path that Phoenix has to surmount. Yet, she accepts the obstacles as a part of the process in achieving her goal. But the story also reveals the necessity for her goal in the man made setting. This is clearly seen when she reaches the clinic and is looking at the gold seal. She seems not to remember the purpose of her travel. The atmosphere at the clinic was cold and everything appears to be at a fast pace. It seems hard for her to adjust to the new environment since she is accustoming to being alone. On her departure she purchases a windmill so as to give her a new goal for the reverse journey. From her speech Phoenix does not seem to have much education and her impoverished condition makes me feel pity for her. Unlike Welty, Poe in the ‘Masque of the Red Death’ uses the castles and its contents as a symbol to reveal his... Free Essays on Short Story Free Essays on Short Story The motivation of short story characters, as well as the theme, is revealed by authors through dialogue, setting and symbolism. These three stories stress the need for this kind of writing. In a ‘Worn Path’ Eudora Welty introduces Phoenix through settings to show she’s goal oriented. On the other hand, Edgar Poe in ‘The Masque of the Red Death’ stresses symbolism to show life and death. Meanwhile, ‘A&P’ by John Updike presents Sammy through dialogue for the need of individualism. The path in a ‘Worn Path’ reveals the goal setting for Phoenix’s natural setting. It shows her sense of determination and fearlessness. For example, The rugged path, dying trees, barbed wire fences, thorny bushes and wild animals that Phoenix had to encounter with, was the author’s way of showing these characteristics. For instance, when her dress got caught in the bush she admitted that, had she known it was thorns she would have avoided the contact. Phoenix knows the capability of a thorn and accepts her experience as a challenge. The story presents an obstacle in each section of the path that Phoenix has to surmount. Yet, she accepts the obstacles as a part of the process in achieving her goal. But the story also reveals the necessity for her goal in the man made setting. This is clearly seen when she reaches the clinic and is looking at the gold seal. She seems not to remember the purpose of her travel. The atmosphere at the clinic was cold and everything appears to be at a fast pace. It seems hard for her to adjust to the new environment since she is accustoming to being alone. On her departure she purchases a windmill so as to give her a new goal for the reverse journey. From her speech Phoenix does not seem to have much education and her impoverished condition makes me feel pity for her. Unlike Welty, Poe in the ‘Masque of the Red Death’ uses the castles and its contents as a symbol to reveal his...

Motivational Quotes By Women for Everyone

Motivational Quotes By Women for Everyone The womens rights movement is dedicated to the idea that women should have equal rights with men. It began with women gaining property rights and the right to vote and sign a contract, and it has expanded to opening occupations that were previously closed to women and to the right to equal pay for equal work. Whether they are feminists, activists, writers, TV personalities, spiritual leaders, psychologists, poets or educators, the sayings of these women who sought equality motivate us all and leave an indelible impression. Motivational Quotes By Women Margaret MeadNever doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, its the only thing that ever has.Erica JongEveryone has talent. What is rare is the courage to follow the talent to the dark place where it leads.Harriet Beecher StoweNever give up, for that is just the place and time that the tide will turn.Nadezhda MandelstamI decided it is better to scream. Silence is the real crime against humanity.Dianne FeinsteinToughness doesnt have to come in a pinstripe suit.Anne FrankParents can only give good advice or put them [children] on the right paths, but the final forming of a persons character lies in their own hands.Eleanor RooseveltYou gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself, I lived through this horror. I can take the next thing that comes along. You must do the thing you think you cannot do.Susan B. AnthonyIt was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. Oprah WinfreyAs you become more clear about who you really are, youll be better able to decide what is best for you the first time around.Indira GandhiYou must learn to be still in the midst of activity and to be vibrantly alive in repose.Peace PilgrimWhen you find peace within yourself, you become the kind of person who can live at peace with others.Janis JoplinDont compromise yourself. You are all youve got.Dr. Joyce BrothersLove comes when manipulation stops; when you think more about the other person than about his or her reactions to you. When you dare to reveal yourself fully. When you dare to be vulnerable.Barbara De AngelisYou never lose by loving. You always lose by holding back.Dolores HuertaIf you havent forgiven yourself something, how can you forgive others?Mother TheresaI know God will not give me anything I cant handle. I just wish that He didnt trust me so much.Joyce Carol OatesIt is only through disruptions and confusion that we grow, jarred out of ourselves by the collision of someone elses private world with our own. Louisa May AlcottLove is a great beautifier.Dolly PartonIf you want the rainbow, youve got to put up with the rain.Maya AngelouYou can write me down in history with hateful, twisted lies, you can tread me in this very dirt, but still, like dust, Ill rise.Helen HayesRest and you rust.Kaethe KollwitzI am gradually approaching the period in my life when work comes first. No longer diverted by other emotions, I work the way a cow grazes.Doris LessingNone of you [men] ask for anything except everything, but just for so long as you need it.Bella AbzugWe are coming down from our pedestal and up from the laundry room.Susan B. AnthonyThere never will be complete equality until women themselves help to make laws and elect lawmakers.Virginia WoolfEach has his past shut in him like the leaves of a book known to him by heart and his friends can only read the title.

Business simulation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business simulation - Assignment Example Computer Repair business averages ?8,900 in gross monthly profits. The owner/manager believes that it can achieve ?12,000 in gross monthly profits, through promotions and expansion of product lines. Currently, the business employs two part time sales staff and one full time book keeper/receptionist. Though the space currently available for formatting new machines is adequate, nearly one third of it is used to store inventory, which includes new product models for resale. With expansion of services and the need to utilise space more efficiently, the business must consider alternative supply chain processes, such as JIT systems. It must also consider the types of products to offer, such as business machines with networking capabilities. Aside from increase monthly gross sales, the business has identified objectives of greatly increasing its individual customer base and greatly increasing the number of business customers, so that dividing the products into separate business units is fea sible. A thorough analysis of the business environment will allow the computer sales business to make decisions about expansion that are most suitable and to develop a marketing and promotions programme that aligns with expansion of product lines. ... Political Business tax rate remains 21% at projected profit increase, according to Adam & Brown (1999, p.13). Employee vs. Self employment (2 National Insurance taxes for self-employed, affects pool of applicants. Relationship with nearby University critical for technician. Environmental concerns of policymakers and citizens. Consumers want ‘green business’ initiatives. Costs of ‘going green’? Economic Consumers tightening budgets, spending less on new products or choosing more affordable products. Costs for fossil fuels may influence supply costs. Social Social networking for younger users (teens and young adults) may offer an additional channel for promotion. Consumers want value and personal relationship in product sales. Technical Requirements for networking and customization rely on technical knowledge. Use of JIT inventory systems reduces inventory related costs. The SWOT analysis helps the computer sales business determine the type of growth strategy and promotions strategy to be developed, by conducting an honest assessment of the organizations physical and financial assets, its potential capabilities, current shortcomings and potential future challenges. The SWOT analysis table below provides management with greater insights, to develop a successful business strategy. The analysis considers the most important and influential factors in expanding Computer Sales. Strengths Located in business centre of city, exposure can be greatly increased. Relationships with suppliers already established (Dell and Hewlett Packard). Weaknesses Lack of promotions plan, currently relies on word of mouth. Too much physical inventory takes up space and increases costs. No technical expertise for customization. Opportunities Increase awareness through

Income determination Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Income determination - Research Proposal Example Consequently, this topic has become attractive making many researchers to shift attention towards the same as a vital dissertation topic. Surprisingly, unearthing the variety of macroeconomic and microeconomic factors to be incorporated in the computation of income, stands erected as the major stumbling block despite the recent research benchmarked against much effort and focus peddled to weed out this phenomenon. According the research findings of Michael Sare pegged at showcasing the inevitable and direct relationship between income distribution and macroeconomic factors, (The Cross Country 1997), real depreciation for LDCs, trade improvements, higher income, growth rates, and high investment rates are the vital variables associated to regional income determination. A reciprocal relation is also looming between investment and growth-facilitating policies and enhancement of in income distribution. Public expenditures and inflation are the centerpieces as policy variables that have greater magnitudes on income distribution. Income distribution attaches so little to inflation fluctuations, price ratio of investment, external position, level of real change and changes in public consumptions. People employ a tendency to trade off between equity and growth and attaches disadvantaged economic segments as the significant beneficiaries of economic growth. According to Deininger and Squire (1996), unearths beneficial evidence linking proceeding growth to initial income disparity. Bruno, Ravallion and Squire (1996), showcased that subsequent growth is attached to preceding distributed endowments of income and assets, and that, poverty eradication impacts is more felt by LDCs as compared to developed countries based on growth processes. With respect to Milanovik (1994), sets to illustrate unique reason behind lower income inequalities in developed nations as resulting from not only significant of social choice elements such as employment and

Work of Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Work of Art History - Essay Example At the same time he was developing his own style, Rodin was joined by Realists and Impressionists who brought new perspectives to painting, and thus public perception of art changed as well. In 1907, Rodin crafted The Hand of God, which he had modeled around 1896. The sculpture shows a single hand as its central subject, and it holds within it a raw stone. This stone also features the smooth figures of man and woman, who are being fashioned into organic forms from the rough material, showing God in the process of creation much as the sculptor goes through such a process. In analyzing this sculpture, it is first necessary to use one's eyes to see what it presents—the content, the subject matter, the forms and shapes. The sculpture, as mentioned, features a large, strong hand, set apart from the body so that the hand itself is the subject. The hand juts forth from a rough base, an uncut and unpolished piece of stone marble. Within the hand, we see a smaller version of the same c ontrast—there are two human bodies, intertwined, one man and one woman, and they are attached to a backdrop of raw marble with no deliberation alterations. Examining the sculpture from different angles reveals different contrasts, as one side shows only the fingers gripping the stone, while another angle would put the focus on the human figures within the stone and the hand. The texture of the human elements is smooth and curved, while the rest of the marble is straight, jagged, and not at all organic. The sculpture can be seen as divided into three parts—the largest part being the hand, the next mot important being the two human figures, and then the backdrop of uncut stone being the supplementary part. As a sculpture, color is not used, but form doubles its centrality by gaining a third dimension that is not quite present in any painting. The artist was able to create a center of a attention with ease by having the hand sit squarely in the center of its base and come upward, with the fingers slightly curled in order to create a cylindrical shape that also suggest motion. The lack of rigidity in the hand gives it a more lifelike appearance, just as the somewhat fetal and relaxed human forms of the man and woman give an impression that they are alive and movable, rather than striking any sort of pose that lacks life and flexibility. The artist also creates a contrast between the live and non live parts of the sculpture by having a deep groove between the body parts and the rough stone. In a way, there is a sort of trench, and this has the effect of making the body parts pop out from the stone, not specifically separated but still having a clear gap and change of depth. This is his way of establishing an aesthetic difference between the two elements, while the scale is used to develop a difference between the bodies and the hand. The texture of the body parts helps to create a beauty that is set apart from the stone as well, so the viewer clearly considers the difference between the two and realizes which is more attractive. The meaning of the sculpture is rather easy to interpret on the surface, but perhaps has deeper parts. Foremost, it shows symbolic process of creation of humanity by the more powerful and larger â€Å"hand of God†. The difference between textures shows that life comes from something raw, and God cleaves life out of what is lifeless. The lack of body for God shows that the hands are the focus, as the hand of God is the doing and creating part of him, the tools that he used to change earth into man. On top of this basic theme of creation by God from rough material into life and beauty, we also get a second meaning of creation—that of the artist or the sculptor. The symbolism about divinity is displayed in

Toyotas Operational and Industry Environment

Toyotas Operational and Industry Environment In order to analyse the Toyotas operational and industry environment and its competitive position in the auto mobile market, there some appropriate strategic tools are using in this paper. Such as the SWOT model , Porters Generic strategy and Ansoff matrix. The SWOT model analyses the companies internal and external strengths with opportunities as the factors of the companys success in the competitive market. And also this model analyses the companies weaknesses with threats for its fluctuation of sales. Generic strategy refers to analyse the companys strategic choice with in the competitive rivalry. In addition Ansoff matrix also analyse how Toyota uses appropriate strategies to be as the world leader in the car manufacturing and sales of subsidiaries. Toyotas competitors such as the Ford Motor company, General Motors and Honda Motor Corp, who concern to decide the companies market position in the market. During the periods these all companies are different position in the auto market. As the leader of the auto manufacture Toyota Motor Corp Ltd adapts the management corporate philosophy which is meant that Toyota Way including Toyota Production system(TPS), and as the Lean production. The companys corporate philosophy decide the long term competitive advantages. The elements of TPS are Just In Time(JIT), Jidoka(quality improvement) and Kaizen. In addition, Toyotas Total Quality Management(TQM), which is correlated with TPS, is also the most important system to catch the market share in the rival. These systems are adapting in the production line to product the plants efficiently with the combination of the low cost and high quality. This opportunity seeks the best in the global auto market. And also the supply chain management too is as a supporting hand for the company. These all will be briefly discussed in this paper. At the end of this paper, it is analysed that how the elements of Generic strategy such as cost leader, differentiation and focus and Toyotas operational systems are functioning together to get best competitive position within the competitors world wide. With that, Ansoff matrix will be analysed by its elements such as market penetration, product development, market development and diversification regarding the companys performance and competitive position. INTRODUCTION: The Toyota Motor Co. Ltd was founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda, as a one of the worlds leading manufacturers. It has become the world Largest, and most profitable car maker . During the Second World War, the company produced trucks for the Japanese Army. Unlikely ,the companys factory in Aichi was bombed down by the enemies before war ended.ÂÂ   After the war ended ,Toyotas production of cars commercially began with the SA model in 1947. In 1957, the Toyota Crown was exported to the USA as the first time. It announced its arrival to British in1957.After 1960s the company started to spread its operations world wide. Toyota entered into an alliance with Daihatsu and Hino Motors. Its Compacts, produced smaller and fuel efficiently from the start.ÂÂ   Names of few of the popular Toyota vehicles are Toyota Prius, Camry, Lexus, Toyota Tundra, Toyota Tundra Double Cab and Corolla (http://www.swot-pest-porter.com). In the early 1970s, the companys production was behind of Ford Motor and GM, but in 1974, Toyota Corolla got largest place in world car selling. And, after ten year Toyota was in second to GM in the market(www.nytimes.com) .Now it is the third largest manufacturer in the global automobile market by sales which is producing more than 5.5 million vehicles per year(www.conceptcarz.com). LIMITATIONS AND CONSTRAINS: In my point of view the time is the important problem to analyse the companys operational and industry and their competitive position within it. There are lots of resources available for this analysis, however ,it is difficult to understand and recognise the very relevant resources from the pool of them. COMPETITORS OF THE TOYOTA. In the global auto market Toyotas strategic position is very strong than other competitors. It is clear that the Ford Motor , GM and Honda Motors are the main competitors in the market. Among these, Toyota was the third largest automaker in the world. Along with GM, when the Japanese automakers sales in U.S had gone into a decline, Ford took attention on Toyota customers with great offers at the January 2010. In February 2010, Ford over took GM to be the number 1 seller in the U.S as the first time since 1998. But ,Honda Motor co didnt follow its rivals at targeting Toyota customers , this is why its sales drop by 5% in 2010 (www.reuters.com). In 2009, while GM had 20% and ford had 16% , Toyota had 17% of the market share in U.S( www.reuters.com ). Especially, the companys operational system such as the TPS, TQM and the Toyota Way add real value to the companys business which is as the different management style. This value adding procedure is giving a unique strategic position in the market. For example, Toyota Prius is a enormous value and it is a commitment to green products green innovation. Toyotas project management makes sure that the projects and goals are aligned with the added values of the company and core competencies. The reason for the project manager of Toyota is the understanding the importance of competencies and core values with the need of working together. And , project manager should give efforts and best thoughts towards develop its attributers and remained focused on business goals.(http://svprojectmanagement.com). THE PILLARS OF THE TOYOTAS SUCCESS AND COMPITITIVE ADVANTAGES: Toyotas operational systems are its pillars of the success in the industry wise. They are, Toyota Way. Toyota Production System(TPS). Total Quality Management(TQM). Toyota Supply chain. Actually the Toyota way and TPS have been part of how Toyota has developed its supply chain. TPS has been part of how Toyota has developed its supply chain principles effectively towards best performance with suppliers, dealers and manufactures. These concepts work together to add value to the production line of Toyota. THE TOYOTA WAY. Toyota Way and Toyota Production System are the different concepts, but its 14 principles are giving a corporate philosophy by using Toyota Production System (TPS), which is a systematic and highly developed example of Toyota Way. Toyota Way is the culture and also a set of efficiency and improvement techniques, and also it is called that the companys managerial philosophy. Its 14 principles are categorised into four categories. Long-Term Philosophy. Toyotas philosophy of empowering its workers is the core of human resource management system. It brings employee loyalty and improves creativity and innovation by motivating employee participation. The Right Process Will Produce the Right Results. Adding value to the Organization by Developing the People and Partner Continuously Solving Root Problems Drives Organizational Learning With 14 principles of Toyota Way, another 4 high level principles such as Genchi Genbutsu, Kaizen, Respect and Team work and Challenge are correlated with each other. Thorough learning and kaizen , Toyota has managed to grow and achieve its goals. Kaizen is a Japanese term means that change betterments it focused on improving the quality and the efficiency of the Toyotas production line. Through Kaizen the members have given gift certificates instead of money. The philosophy of Toyota Way is passing down from generation to generation(http://www2.toyota.co.jp). TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM (TPS). Sources; http://www.1tech.eu TPS is the way of companys successful globally, which was introduced by Taiichi Ohno. Corporate philosophy is the basic of its success in the global market. TPS presences high standards of products this is why the company easily penetrate the markets world wide. And also Toyotas work place morale and job satisfaction are producing reliable and high-quality products at reasonable prices. Many of the success of Toyota concern with high performance of human resources and supply chain management. JIT productivity improvement. Kanban system manages the JIT production system and it supports by each of the previous steps. Generally, the JIT means that what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed. By using this concept, Toyota produces quality products by elimination of waste and avoiding the un reasonable requirements in the line production. Under this system, the ways of achieving productivity improvement are Providing a production instrument to the production line as soon as possible, when a order for vehicle is received,. Stocking few numbers of all part for assembly line Proceeding process stocking proceeding process of all parts. Jidoka- highlighting of problem. Under this concept the quality is consider by Stopping machine safely on its own when complete a normal process and also when meet any quality problem. communicating via the Andon (problem display board) when machine automatically stop. Because of this operator can continue at another machine. This will lead to a greater processing capacity. Eliminating waste: TPS works mainly with the internal in next stage in the production line and external customer perspectives which is considering and separate the value added steps from the non value added steps. According to Jeffery K. Liker , 8 categories of waste are eliminating in the TPS such as over production, waiting time, unessential movement and transport, over inventory and so on. The head of Toyota manufacturing divided the waste was eliminated in this system by JIT and Autorotation in the production line to add value(http://people.brunel.ac.uk). The concept of respect takes responsibility to build trust each other in the TPS and the concept of team work encourage employees to achieve growth and performance by contributing the opportunities of development in the Toyotas production line to add value. Actually, the Toyota Production System has been a roaring success at Toyota, but much less effective in other locations in many conditions. Total Quality Management (TQM): TQM is a management system adapting by Toyota in the production line to add value of its products. This is the greatest strategy following only by Toyota successfully within the larger auto makers. Indeed, The TQM is based on the quality of the product with the commitments of the all members towards the long term success of the company.TQM works through a combination of the customer satisfaction and welfare of the society. At the end, the result is the high quality and low cost add value for the product in the TPS. GENERIC STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES. Porters Generic strategy, seeking competitive advantage on Toyota, is defined as the basis on which a strategy business unit (SBU) might achieve or counter competitive advantage in its market. According to the cost leader ship strategy, Toyota reduced its cost at every element of the value chain. Toyota is the good example of an organization for producing quality cars at low price with brand and marketing skills to use a premium pricing policy. The companys JIT attempt to manufacture with an absolute minimum of inventory, in a shortened lead time. This feature support the companys manufacturing cost in production line. Jidoka supports to reduce the cost in production line by highlighting the problem before occur. And also TQM of the Toyota is supporting in reducing the cost how with the minimum input and maximum out put with in a sort lead time. Toyota is manufacturing its products for the market where what is needed and what is suitable. Its mean that the company adapts the differentiation strategy well than other competitors. When it offer totally different from other rivals , this is why the companys products aim on value with less price and which creates higher price and higher profit to the company. Hybrid Prius is the pertinent evident of differentiation in the rival. Further more, Toyota offers high quality and luxury brand cars in Japan, Europe and U.S( like Lexus ), the company is selling minivans and trucks in China, Brazil and South Asian markets, where the products of the Toyota are totally different than other major competitors. The thing is that even though, additional costs occur pursuing differentiation, and it is managed by increased revenue generated by the sales. In the view of application of generic strategy with JIT, in which the production line is able to producing many varieties of products in response according to the changing customer demand in the market. It means the company uses the JIT production to differentiate its product in the market. And also TQM helps in Toyotas differentiation strategy, how the companys products with high qualification could easily differentiate among other competitors. By adapting focused differentiation strategy, Toyota first introduced a brand, Scion, specifically for young buyers in January, 2003 which was a great success with that introduced hybrids in 1997 selling 127000 more than Honda. (http://ezinearticles.com). This strategy support to compete with other competitors in similar segments and to get competitive advantages. JIT production and TQM support also in focused differentiation strategy. For example, when the company identifying specific market segmentation wised to buy a specific vehicle, JIT production gives that particular product to that targeting market segment. THE APPLICATION OF THE ANSOFF MATRIX IN TOYOTA: Market penetration: Toyota penetrated easily and successfully world wide comparatively than other large manufacturers in building plants and sales the subsidiaries. Toyotas first advantage of market penetration is presentation of strategic markets. For instance, it penetrated successfully in Asia, Europe and US. Whereas, its market rivals such as Ford and GM influence in only U.S and Europe. Toyota Motor Corp holds its foot in China and India to get competitive advantages heavily. By adapting this strategy, it manages the unexpected fluctuations for the markets of its products. Product development: One of the key to the success in the car market is new models which increase the demand and loyalty for the companys brand. Toyota has huge reputation for producing few cars with fuel efficient and good performance. And, Toyota has enhanced to meet government requirements specially for reducing the hybrid fuel. A remarkable point is that Toyota was the first car manufacturer to market hybrid fuels, with the introduction of the Prius model in the market (www.reuters .com) 2010 Toyota Prius is the best example of the product development. The third generation Prius is bigger and more powerful than the previous version, but it will become in the United States as the only vehicle that offers combined mileage greater than miles per gallon (http://reviews.cnet.co.uk). But the latest Prius is 70Kg heavier than its predecessor, and this is largely down to the amount of new technology inside. Market development: Toyota Company sells its products in 70 countries world wide. In order to maximize the profit, it seeks new market with existing products. For example, China and South East Asia ere the new markets where the company sells its vehicles. Diversification: By adapting this strategy, Toyota seeks new products into new markets. While getting any troubles by the competitors in existing market with existing products, it is the pertinent strategy for its growth. The company emerges in China and South East Asia where targeting a 2012 launch and a piece under 1 million Yen. (www.reuters .com) and also one of the Toyotas Mini vehicle unit which is Daihatsu Motor co(7262.T) is developing a small car for emerging market such as South East Asia, and may sell them under the Toyota brand the Chunichi newspaper said(www.reuters.com). The Compact car will be based on its vision and Yaris subcompact models in the new markets. In addition, these two models and a new set of entry level cars are announced for India, Brazil and China by Toyota. To develop the sales in emerging markets the company maintains a three layered approach. However, Toyota has relatively small market share in India, Brazil and other emerging markets. This is indicating the limitat ions of its market development (www.reuters.com). Toyota gets a best strategic position in the competitive market by applying these strategies properly than other competitors. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: As above, the third largest auto maker Toyota is a successful company in the auto makers. The factors of the companys success and its best competitive position in the competitive revalry, are its internal strengths and external opportunities. Even though, it is as the world leader in the auto market, it faces some problems as its own weaknesses and the threats from other competitors and from the outside. These factors are analysed by using SWOT analysis in the appendix. In addition, the companys main competitors compete with it heavily during the years such as Ford, GM, and Honda. However, Toyota Motor Corporation is in a much strengthened strategic position in the auto market. There are some details describe the companys achievements among the competitors in the appendix. The Toyota Motor Corporation achieves its competitive advantages by using the best operational systems in the industry such as the Toyota Way, TPS known as the Lean production and TQM in its production line. Porter s Generic strategy analyse the companys strategic position in the market with the correlation of those operational systems toward the competitive advantages. And also Toyotas supply chain management is reflecting its uniqueness in the global market which is noted in the appendix. At the end, the Ansoff matrix describe the companys current position by market penetration, market development product development and diversification strategies. In my point of view, Toyota Motor Corporation still is the world leader of the car makers. But in 2008 and 2009, it faced decline in its sales by few problems. However, the president of the company Akio Toyoda who and the every level employees of the company commit their whole life over take these problems. I suppose that, in future it will be the number one auto maker in the global car manufacturer with the attention of over taking particular quality problem for preventing the quality problem by using its the world greatest strategic operational choices in the industry. APPENDIXES: 1. TOTAL SALES OF THE TOYOTA AND ITS COMPETITORS: COMPANIES VOLUME MAY 09 MAY 08 DSR DSR5/09 DSR5/08 GM -29.555 191,875 272,363 -26.84% 7380 10,088 Ford -24.25% 161,531 213,238 -21.373% 6,213 7,898 Toyota -40.72% 152,583 257,406 -38.44% 5,869 9,534 Honda America -41.46% 98,394 167,997 -39.21% 3,782 6,222 Chrysler Group -46.88% 79,010 148,747 -44.84% 3,039 5,509 Nissan NA -33.10% 67,4874 100,874 -30.52% 2,596 3,736 BMW Group -27.65% 22,993 31,781 -24.87% 884 1,177 *The daily selling rate (DSR) is calculated with 26 days for May 2009 and 27 for May 2008. Source: http://www.autoblog.com/2009/06/02/by-the-numbers-may-2009-gm-and-ford-surprise-edition/ TOYOTAS INDUSTRY RANK AT IMPORTANT ATTRIBUTES. ATTRIBUTES INDUSTRY RANK Innovation 3 People management 3 Used of corporate assets 2 Social responsibility 1 Quality of management 2 Financial soundness 1 Long term investment 2 Quality of products /services 2 Global competencies 2 Source: http://money.cnn.com 3. WORLDS TOP 10 AUTO GROUPS BY 2009 H1 SALES. RANK COMPANY SALES(US $ Millions) 1 Toyota Motor Corp 3.564 2 General Motor Co 3.553 3 Volkswagen AG 3.265 4 Hyundai Mo. Co 2.153 5 Ford Motor Co 2.115 6 P S A Peugeot Citroen 1.587 7 Honda Motor Co 1.586 8 Nissan Motor Co 1.546 9 Suzuki Motor Corp 1.15 10 Renault SA 1.107 Source: www.reuters.com 4. THE SWOT OF TOYOTA Strengths and Opportunities; Toyotas Just in Time (JIT) allows the production system to produce vehicles efficiently and quickly, one at a time, which is great quality and provide satisfaction to consumers. And ,the company has a major strength which is Toyotas Production System(TPS) prevent waste and therefore reduces the amount of energy, raw materials and other resources used, this is making it towards sustainability(www.toyota.eu). Toyota is a best profit maker in the market. This is because, rising up of the share price of Toyota. For example, Toyotas stock market value is approximately 30% of the value of the global car market. If we combined the profits of all global car makers, Toyota would account for about one third. And other all Japanese car makers would account for another third. Only the rest final third, would be accounted by all European, North American and other Asian car makers together. (http://www.marketingteacher.com). Another reason for its climbed up to the top is beyond loyalty. Toyotas life long learning by Kaizen and improvement management systems makes best decisions. Japanese companies, specially, Toyota is excellent in particular areas as the strengths its self. Such as Elimination of waste and cost cutting. A culture rooted in manufacturing. Fast, disciplined product development cycles. Consistence and relentless Toyotas managers always knows that where they want to be five years from now and are working at getting there. Toyotas innovation and creativity is a major opportunity. Companys commercial mass produced hybrid gas and electric vehicles are creating more opportunities in the competitive markets. Prius is the pertinent example for these advance technology adaptation of Toyota. It based on advanced hybrid technology and R+D activity. This investment and Toyotas wide range of product portfolio support customers for alternative sources of fuel away from gas guzzling cars. Another example of innovation is that Toyota Sienna is planned to join the hybrid line up by 2010 (www.brandchannel.com) Toyota mostly attracts the youth market by its segmentation. As Pedro Pacheco(spokes person for Toyota Europe) said, The urban youth segment is attractive to us because it can success fully influence the whole of youth sector, and it allows to attract customers to the brand at an earlier stage (www.brandchannel.com). Toyota like these customers to grow by providing products as their like. This is a big opportunity of establishing a life lasting relation ship. Toyota taking heart the customer feedback it has received, together with its suppliers, dealers and its world wide employees, its commitment is on its products and services and also its commitment to the customer first. This feature is giving many opportunities to Toyota world wide. Toyotas continuous global expansion also brings opportunities to it. Practically, Toyota has its factories in all continents and its vehicles are made up in different countries. Remarkably, for recent years the company emerged in third world countries and it is getting possible opportunities. And it tends for the localisation of the production using their situation in different countries as the suppliers of the production local market. This result of globalization is making many opportunities for the company. Weaknesses Threats Almost every problem creates a need for inventory, which is one of the largest wastes. This is really a reflection of ineffectiveness. Because every manufactures should need to make sure that their models consumers want or not and conditions of those markets. These may be the reasons of putting attention on emerging market heavily. Toyotas production needs a huge investment with high fixed cost and cost of labour. This may allow to face problems like over capacity or under capacity if occur any upturn or downturn. The main problem is that the companys products are too expensive for its emerging markets, when other competitors like Tata Motors (TM) produce reasonably cheaper cars. The movements of the exchange rates make narrow margins in the market of its sales. For example, in 2009, Toyotas chairman said that the strong appreciation of the Yen against the Dollar and Euro and the rising cost of raw materials made losses in Toyotas sale (www.glgroup.com). The demand for larger cars decreased while increasing the demand for small cars by changing the life style nowadays. This is also a challenge for Toyota. According to the increasing expenses, the consumer usage of cars is decreasing. This factor reduces the demand of cars in the market as well as the high price Toyotas cars. Businesses operate their operations with fewer fuels by the technology improvements. For instances, Europe governments are encouraging more alternatives for transport, which is reducing the demand for new cars (www.businessteacher.org.uk). These all factors are the threats for Toyota. 5. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF TOYOTA: Toyota has coordinated the plans across the supply chain and has executed them efficiently. It is the ultimate way in which Toyota has built its superior efficiency in operations. Its effective performance is estimated by the process and their results. This process aims to create a balance between the supply chain parameters. Components of Supply chain management. Variety of products. Velocity of product flow. Variability of out comes against fore cast. Visibility of process to enable learning. (http://www.mhprofessional.com/product.php?isbn=0071615490) The variety represents an extremely important design selection of supply chain which has an effect on the participants of the supply chain. When choosing variety, there is a need to have feed back to make sure that it is suitable to represent for the market situation. Velocity has clearly shown in the Toyotas supply chain. It allows doing the procedures at the same time throughout the system. By reducing the variability orders, supply chain will need low level of inventory. It also support for the high quality and cost reduction across the supply chain. These three concepts of supply chain management influence on the stable of supply chain of Toyota. However, Toyotas supply chain ran too hot, which means, working with a lot of unfamiliar suppliers. They didnt have proper understanding of Toyotas culture. The majority of the problems of the company concern with this problem. The Toyota Way and TPS have given them the competitive advantages on a global scale. Most of these advantages are gained through a combination of the arrangement of the human resources policies and their highly efficient global network of the suppliers and manufactures. According to the TPS Toyota maintain the quality of the product while reducing the cost and eliminating the waste efficiently. Through these techniques Toyota is able to develop competitive advantage in their manufacturing and sales. Toyota considers that the workers are at the centre of the process of continuous improvement and that their creativity leads to innovation, to improve the loyalty and morale in the work place. At the end, when the job satisfaction is high, there is a greater likelihood that reliable and high quality products can be offered at an affordable price. So the low cost and high quality of the products create high demand for Toyotas products in the competitive market. 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